Do not transport any HazMat unless you are sure the rules allow it. There are 9 different 4-inch, diamond-shaped hazard labels. The rules require shippers to mark containers of HazMat with the material’s name, ID number, and hazard label. They pose a risk to health, safety, and property during transportation. The Federal Hazardous Class Definitions Table shows which materials are hazardous. Watch for cargo or baggage containing HazMat. The driver and all passengers must wear seat belts. All other tools, equipment, or materials carried in the passenger compartment shall be secured to the body of the vehicle. In the passenger compartment of a farm labor vehicle, all cutting tools or tools with sharp edges must be placed in a covered container. Turn it on at night or any other time you use your outside lights. If there is a red emergency door light, it must work. The “Emergency Exit” sign on an emergency door must be clearly visible. Never drive with an open emergency exit door or window. All seats must be securely fastened to the bus.Ĭheck the emergency exits for ease of operation, correct markings, and ensure any required buzzers or devices work properly. Signaling devices, including the restroom emergency buzzer, if the bus has a restroom.The following parts of your bus must be in safe working condition: Aisles and stairwells should always be clear. Always check the interior of the bus before driving to ensure rider safety. People sometimes damage unattended buses. You must also pass the skills tests required for the class of vehicle you drive.Ī CLP holder with a “P” and/or an “S” endorsement is prohibited from operating a CMV with passengers, other than federal/state auditors and inspectors, test examiners, other trainees, and the accompanying CDL holder (FMCSR §383.25). If your bus has air brakes, you must also pass a knowledge test on Section 5. To get the endorsement, you must pass a knowledge test on Sections 2 and 4 of this handbook. If you take a driving test in a van designed, used, or maintained to carry 15 persons or less, including the driver, you will be restricted to driving a 15-passenger or less small-size bus. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Passenger vehicle drivers must have a CDL with a “P” endorsement if they drive a vehicle designed to transport more than 10 persons, including the driver.Ī passenger transportation vehicle includes, but is not limited to, a bus, farm labor vehicle, or general public paratransit vehicle when the vehicle is designed, used, or maintained to carry more than 10 passengers, including the driver, for hire or for profit, or by any nonprofit organization or group. A study with a larger sample size is needed to validate our findings.Ĭopyright: © 2023 Blackwood et al. The preliminary structural validity of the MAIA demonstrated good targeting and reliability, as well as unidimensionality, and good item and person fit in adults with chronic stroke. The person separation reliability was 0.91, and the person mean location was 0.06☑.12 logits. Local item dependence was found in 42 pairs. There were no floor (0.00%) or ceiling effects (0.00%). One participant did not fit the model (2.44%). Overall fit (χ 2 = 62.26, p = 0.26) and item fit were obtained after deleting 3 items and rescoring 26 items. We investigated overall fit to assess unidimensionality, person and item fit, person separation reliability, targeting, local item dependence, and principal components analysis of residuals.įorty-one adults with chronic stroke (average 3.8 years post-stroke, 13 women, average age 57☑3 years) participated in the study. We performed a preliminary analysis with Rasch Measurement Theory to evaluate the unidimensionality and structural validity of the scale. The original MAIA has 32 items that measure interoceptive sensibility, which is an aspect of body awareness. Our purpose was to perform a preliminary validation of the MAIA in adults with stroke using Rasch Measurement Theory. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) measures interoceptive body awareness, which includes aspects such as attention regulation, self-regulation, and body listening.
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